• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In a apparatus for the production of aluminium a molten alumina slag, containing combined carbon is circulated through one or more alternately arranged relatively low temperature zones where carbon is added to increase the combined carbon content of the slag by reaction with the alumina slag and high temperature zones where aluminium metal is released by reaction of aluminium carbide and alumina in the slag with consequent depletion of the combined carbon content. Alumina is supplied to the slag at one or more locations. The energy to drive the reactions is preferably supplied by resistance heating of the slag particularly in transit from a low temperature zone to a high temperature zone although usually additional energy is supplied to the slag in the return from a high temperature zone to the next low temperature zone. In most instances the aluminium-liberating reaction is carried out in an upwardly inclined passage and the gas evolved is employed to achieve the circulatory movement of the slag. It is a preferred feature to scrub the gas with carbon without admixed alumina to avoid formation of sticky aluminium oxycarbide in the carbon, which is subsequently added as process charge.
    公开号:SU1055340A3
    申请号:SU772485301
    申请日:1977-05-27
    公开日:1983-11-15
    发明作者:Уильям Дьюинг Эрнест；Робер Хюни Жан-Поль；Радха Суд Раман；Уильям Саутам Фредерик
    申请人:Алкан Рисерч Энд Дивелопмент Лимитед (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    2, The method according to claim 1, distinguishing between u and so that carbon monoxide derived from the reaction zone is passed
    through a layer of carbon, after which carbon is introduced into the low-temperature zone.
    3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that carbon monoxide, after contact with carbon, is passed through alumina introduced into the low-temperature zone.
    . The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbide-alumina slag is heated between the low-temperature and high-temperature zones by passing an electric current through it.
    5. Method pop.1, distinguished by the fact that the carbide-alumina slag from the low-temperature zone to the high-temperature zone is moved from the bottom upwards along the slag with the help of carbon monoxide released during the reaction
    The invention relates to metallurgy, in particular to the production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction from alumina. A method for producing aluminum involves reacting alumina with carbon in the first stage at a temperature for forming carbide-alumina slag and carbon monoxide, reacting carbide-alumina slag with alumina in the second stage at a temperature for forming aluminum and carbon monoxide, removing carbon monoxide from the reaction zone and introduction of carbon and alumina ij. However, this method is not sufficiently effective due to the difficulties associated with the introduction of the necessary amount of heat into the reaction and the release of a large amount of gas containing aluminum compounds. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the aluminum production process. The goal is achieved by those. According to the method for producing aluminum, including the interaction of alumina with carbon in the first stage at the temperature of forming carbide alumina slag and carbon monoxide, the interaction of carbide-alumina slag with alumina in the second stage at temperature of forming aluminum and carbon monoxide, removing the resulting carbon monoxide from the reaction zone and the introduction of carbon and alumina, the first and second stages are carried out in separate temperature zones, carbide-alumina slag is passed through a high-temperature zone, the formed aluminum is separated, after which the slag is returned to the low-temperature zone and carbon is introduced. In this case, carbon monoxide discharged from the reaction zone can additionally be passed through a layer of carbon, after which carbon is introduced into the low-temperature zone. In addition, carbon monoxide, after contact with carbon, can pass through alumina introduced into the low-temperature zone. Carbide-alumina slag between the low-temperature and high-temperature zones is heated by passing an electric current through it. At the same time, carbide-alumina slag from the low-temperature zone to the high-temperature zone can be moved from the bottom upwards along the slag with the help of carbon monoxide released during the reaction. The essence of the method lies in the fact that the reduction of aluminum from alumina AljOj + 30 2A1 + ZSO (1) proceeds in two stages: 2A1203 + 9C A14S3 + bSO (2) and AGdC + A1203 6 A1 + ZSO (3) Rektsi (2) proceeds at a lower temperature, therefore, the concentration of aluminum and its compounds in the waste gases is significantly lower than for the reaction (C). In addition, the volume of carbon monoxide, formed by the reaction (C), is two times less than by reaction (2). The invention consists in organizing a circulating stream of molten alumina slag containing carbon in the form of carbide or aluminum oxycarbide. The melt passes through a low-temperature zone where the temperature is maintained at or above the temperature of the reaction (2), but below the temperature of the reaction (3). The melt is then passed through a high-temperature zone, where the temperature is maintained at or above the temperature of the reaction (3). In the high-temperature zone, metallic aluminum is collected and withdrawn, and the molten alumina is returned to the same sludge subsequent low-temperature zone where carbon is introduced into the circulating melt. The introduction of alumina into the melt can be carried out in the same place where carbon is introduced or in another place. It is preferable to place the low-temperature and high-temperature zones in different reactors in order to separate the gases out according to reactions (2) and (3) and to reduce the losses of aluminum. Heat energy must be introduced into the system for three purposes: maintaining the reaction (2); maintaining the reaction (W); heat loss compensation. In the low-temperature zone at the point of entry of carbon into the slag melt there is a decrease in temperature due to the endothermic nature of the reaction (2). Energy is needed to raise the temperature of the slag. When it is moved to the high-temperature zone. Most or all of the necessary energy is transferred to the slag during this movement, as well as during its passage through the high-temperature zone. It is advisable to enter the energy by passing an electric current through the slag. In a preferred embodiment of the method, the transfer of the melt between the zones is carried out due to the lift force of the carbon monoxide bubbles formed during reactions (2) and (3). The zones in which reactions (2) and (3) are carried out are preferably separated. It is also possible to carry out reaction (2) and (3) in different zones of the same reactor, and the molten slag circulates between these zones through gas lift and / or thermal convection. Figure 1 shows the operational cycle of the proposed method; Fig. 2 is a device for carrying out the method of the invention, top view; on fig.Z - that; -; e, view from the side. The conditions of a typical implementation cycle (Fig. 1) are aligned with the phase diagram of the system. Line ABCD denotes the boundary of the solid and liquid phase. The line EF indicates the conditions (temperature and composition) of the reaction (2) at a pressure of 1 atm, and the GH line corresponds to the conditions of the reaction (C). After the separation of the reaction products (aluminum and carbon monoxide) in the high-temperature zone, the temperature and composition of the molten slag correspond approximately to the point U. With the introduction of carbon in the low-temperature zone, the reaction (2) takes place, the slag is enriched with aluminum carbide and the slag temperature drops to point V. The carbide-rich slag is then transferred to the high-temperature zone, where swells reaction (3). When the vapor pressure from the reaction is compared at point X with the external pressure, aluminum and carbon monoxide are released. Further input of heatpair and / or a decrease in external pressure (when raising the mixture of liquid with gas) leads to the continuation of the reaction (C) with a decrease in the content of aluminum carbide in the slag, and the system returns to the U point state. The cycle represented by the triangle UVX is ideal, and the U and V banners shown in FIG. 1 represent one of the possible combinations of these quantities. It is desirable to conduct the process in such a way that the point is as close as possible to point H in order to reduce the temperature of the gas and the loss of aluminum. Alumina can be loaded into the low-temperature zone along with carbon, but this is not necessary. Alumina can be loaded in other places in the melt containing aluminum, and this can lead to some reduction in aluminum carbide dissolved in the metal. The temperature drop of the shpak after the alumina loading is carried out by the campyrugo by generating heat in the slag during its transportation from the high-temperature to the low-temperature zone. FIGS. 2 and 3 schematically show the operation of the device / v1 in the implementation of this method. The molten slag leaving the low-temperature zone 1, the temperature of which is 1950-2050 ° C, is about. aluminum carbide. Ilak enters the channel. V-shaped forns, where it is heated with the help of an electric current flowing through the electrons of genera 3 to the temperature of reactions (3), i.e. approximately to 20502150 ° C. From this point, the slag can be considered to be in the high-temperature zone and before the slag enters the collector, the input energy is consumed to carry out the reaction (g) with the formation of bubbles of gaseous carbon monoxide and metal droplets. In this zone, the channel must be vertical or sloped upwards in the direction of slag flow. In the collector, carbon monoxide is removed through the duct 5 and the molten aluminum accumulates above the slag melt and Guzzet be removed through the i 6 drain pipe. Liquid aluminum will keep it in place. a significant amount of aluminum carbide that can be removed by known methods. Slag having a temperature of a point and (Fig. 1) is returned to low-temperature zone 1 via channel 7, the dimensions of which are selected. so that its electrical resistance is higher than the resistance of channel 2. In the low-temperature zone 1 carbon 8 and alumina 9 are loaded. Since the slag temperature is higher than equilibrium, it enters: interaction with the indicated components to form carbon monoxide, which is removed through the flue 10. Heating a slag by passing an electric current through it has advantages over the known arc heating. Heating is carried out at a higher voltage and lower current strength, overheating of the reaction zones is excluded, which leads to a reduction in losses due to evaporation. Additionally, to trap aluminum vapor and aluminum compounds, the exhaust gas is passed successively through a layer of carbon and alumina, after which the charge components are loaded into the corresponding points of the system, as described above. The low-temperature zone 1 can be equipped with a sump for collecting components with a higher specific gravity than molten slag. This gives the OPPORTUNITY to partially remove impurities from the system, for example iron or silicon.
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    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1 .. METHOD FOR PRODUCING ALUMINUM, including the interaction of alumina with ~ carbon in the first stage at the temperature of formation of carbide-alumina slag and carbon monoxide, the interaction of carbide-alumina slag with alumina in the second stage at the temperature of formation of aluminum and carbon monoxide, removing the formed carbon monoxide from reaction zones and, the introduction of carbon and alumina, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of the process, the first and second stages are carried out in separate temperature zones, carbide-alumina The slag is passed through the high temperature zone, the aluminum formed is separated, after which S * 19, then the slag is returned to the low temperature zone and carbon is introduced. f
    [2]
    2 “Method 1, characterized in that the carbon monoxide removed from the reaction zone is passed through a carbon layer, after which carbon is introduced into the low-temperature zone.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the carbon monoxide, after being contacted with carbon, is passed through alumina introduced into the low temperature zone.
    [4]
    4. The method of Pop. 1, characterized in that the carbide-alumina slag between the low-temperature and high-temperature zones is heated by passing an electric current through it.
    [5]
    5. The method of pop. 1, characterized in that the carbide-alumina slag from the low temperature zone to the high temperature is moved from bottom to top along the slag using carbon monoxide released during the reaction
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BR7703468A|1978-04-11|
    CA1084974A|1980-09-02|
    ES459180A1|1978-10-01|
    US4213599A|1980-07-22|
    DE2724168C2|1985-09-19|
    IN155948B|1985-03-30|
    NO152566B|1985-07-08|
    NO152566C|1985-10-16|
    PL198446A1|1978-03-13|
    AU2543677A|1978-11-30|
    JPS5727173B2|1982-06-09|
    HU176637B|1981-04-28|
    NO771867L|1977-11-29|
    CH637164A5|1983-07-15|
    DE2724168A1|1977-12-08|
    US4099959A|1978-07-11|
    JPS52146708A|1977-12-06|
    GB1590431A|1981-06-03|
    FR2352889B1|1983-04-08|
    AU509732B2|1980-05-22|
    NL7705872A|1977-11-30|
    FR2352889A1|1977-12-23|
    引用文献:
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    NL82125C|1951-12-19|
    US2829961A|1955-03-14|1958-04-08|Aluminum Co Of America|Producing aluminum|
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    US3230072A|1962-05-04|1966-01-18|Arthur F Johnson|Production of aluminum by electro-thermal reduction|
    US3234008A|1962-05-04|1966-02-08|Arthur F Johnson|Aluminum production|
    US3823014A|1971-09-02|1974-07-09|Sun Research Development|Sodium recovery process|
    US3971653A|1974-12-09|1976-07-27|Aluminum Company Of America|Carbothermic production of aluminum|DE2720122C2|1977-05-05|1987-04-02|Aluminium-Walzwerke Singen Gmbh, 7700 Singen, De|
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    JPS603002Y2|1980-01-30|1985-01-28|
    US4299619A|1980-02-28|1981-11-10|Aluminum Company Of America|Energy efficient production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina|
    US4981668A|1986-04-29|1991-01-01|Dow Corning Corporation|Silicon carbide as a raw material for silicon production|
    US4997474A|1988-08-31|1991-03-05|Dow Corning Corporation|Silicon smelting process|
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    US5611989A|1993-10-14|1997-03-18|Outokumpu Research Oy|Method for producing easily volatile materials|
    US6530970B2|2001-05-21|2003-03-11|Alcoa Inc.|Method for recovering aluminum vapor and aluminum suboxide from off-gases during production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina|
    US6440193B1|2001-05-21|2002-08-27|Alcoa Inc.|Method and reactor for production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina|
    US6855241B2|2002-04-22|2005-02-15|Forrest M. Palmer|Process and apparatus for smelting aluminum|
    US6805723B2|2003-03-06|2004-10-19|Alcoa Inc.|Method and reactor for production of aluminum by carbothermic reduction of alumina|
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    US7454925B2|2005-12-29|2008-11-25|Corning Incorporated|Method of forming a glass melt|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB22474/76A|GB1590431A|1976-05-28|1976-05-28|Process for the production of aluminium|
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